Cambridge 9708 · Papers 1 and 3 · 51 papers
A Level Economics 9708 topical past papers
Every question on 51 Cambridge 9708 Papers 1 and 3 papers from 2010 to 2025 — 1530 questions — filed under the syllabus topic it tests. The biggest is Methods and effects of government intervention in markets, with 90 questions on 30 of the 51 papers; next is Policies to correct market failure. Topics run biggest first, so reading down the page is also a revision order.
This is an index, not a copy. Cambridge publishes the papers and mark schemes; this page tells you where each topic’s questions are — paper code, question number and marks — and every paper links to a page where you can sit it online and have it marked.
Updated 5 October 2026
Jump to a topic
The price system and the microeconomy
- The interaction of demand and supply — 66 questions, 4.3% of the questions
- Price elasticity, income elasticity and cross elasticity of demand — 63 questions, 4.1% of the questions
- Demand and supply curves — 51 questions, 3.3% of the questions
- Externalities, social/private costs & benefits — 48 questions, 3.1% of the questions
- Price elasticity of supply — 36 questions, 2.4% of the questions
- Market structures — 30 questions, 2% of the questions
- Costs, revenue, profit & production — 29 questions, 1.9% of the questions
- Firm objectives & pricing policies — 26 questions, 1.7% of the questions
- Consumer and producer surplus — 25 questions, 1.6% of the questions
- Efficiency & market failure — 23 questions, 1.5% of the questions
- Indifference curves & budget lines — 19 questions, 1.2% of the questions
- Utility — 19 questions, 1.2% of the questions
- Growth & survival of firms — 18 questions, 1.2% of the questions
International economic issues
- Exchange rates — 56 questions, 3.7% of the questions
- The reasons for international trade — 56 questions, 3.7% of the questions
- Current account of the balance of payments — 47 questions, 3.1% of the questions
- Protectionism — 37 questions, 2.4% of the questions
- Balance of payments & correction policies — 36 questions, 2.4% of the questions
- Characteristics of countries at different development levels — 23 questions, 1.5% of the questions
- Relationships between countries (aid, MNCs, FDI, debt, IMF/World Bank) — 22 questions, 1.4% of the questions
- Economic development — 21 questions, 1.4% of the questions
- Policies to correct imbalances in the current account of the balance of payments — 20 questions, 1.3% of the questions
- Globalisation — 18 questions, 1.2% of the questions
Government microeconomic intervention
- Methods and effects of government intervention in markets — 90 questions, 5.9% of the questions
- Policies to correct market failure — 69 questions, 4.5% of the questions
- Labour market — 48 questions, 3.1% of the questions
- Equity, poverty & redistribution — 33 questions, 2.2% of the questions
- Addressing income and wealth inequality — 10 questions, 0.7% of the questions
- Reasons for government intervention in markets — 3 questions, 0.2% of the questions
The macroeconomy
- Price stability — 51 questions, 3.3% of the questions
- Employment & unemployment — 34 questions, 2.2% of the questions
- Money & banking — 33 questions, 2.2% of the questions
- Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply analysis — 33 questions, 2.2% of the questions
- Circular flow & the multiplier — 30 questions, 2% of the questions
- Economic growth & sustainability — 19 questions, 1.2% of the questions
- Unemployment — 10 questions, 0.7% of the questions
- National income statistics — 7 questions, 0.5% of the questions
- Economic growth — 4 questions, 0.3% of the questions
- Introduction to the circular flow of income — 4 questions, 0.3% of the questions
Government macroeconomic intervention
- Effectiveness of policy options — 37 questions, 2.4% of the questions
- Interrelatedness of macro problems (incl. Phillips curve) — 31 questions, 2% of the questions
- Fiscal policy — 20 questions, 1.3% of the questions
- Supply-side policy — 16 questions, 1% of the questions
- Monetary policy — 12 questions, 0.8% of the questions
- Government macroeconomic policy objectives — 11 questions, 0.7% of the questions
- Macro policy objectives — 9 questions, 0.6% of the questions
Basic economic ideas and resource allocation
- Classification of goods and services — 31 questions, 2% of the questions
- Production possibility curves — 29 questions, 1.9% of the questions
- Factors of production — 20 questions, 1.3% of the questions
- Economic methodology — 17 questions, 1.1% of the questions
- Scarcity, choice and opportunity cost — 16 questions, 1% of the questions
- Resource allocation in different economic systems — 14 questions, 0.9% of the questions
Methods and effects of government intervention in markets — 9708 past paper questions
90 questions across 30 of the 51 papers, carrying 5.9% of all the questions counted (Government microeconomic intervention). Revise it: Market failure and externalities →
| Paper | Questions |
|---|---|
| 9708/13/O/N/24 | Q5, Q14 |
| 9708/13/M/J/24 | Q12, Q13 |
| 9708/13/O/N/23 | Q14 |
| 9708/13/M/J/23 | Q14, Q15 |
| 9708/13/O/N/22 | Q16, Q17, Q18, Q19 |
| 9708/13/M/J/22 | Q14, Q17, Q18 |
| 9708/13/O/N/21 | Q12, Q14, Q17, Q18 |
| 9708/13/M/J/21 | Q15, Q16, Q17 |
| 9708/13/O/N/20 | Q13, Q14, Q15, Q16 |
| 9708/13/M/J/20 | Q8, Q9, Q14, Q15, Q16, Q17, Q18 |
| 9708/13/O/N/19 | Q11, Q13, Q14, Q15, Q16, Q17, Q18 |
| 9708/13/M/J/19 | Q14, Q15, Q17 |
| 9708/13/O/N/18 | Q12, Q14, Q15, Q17 |
| 9708/13/M/J/18 | Q14, Q16, Q18 |
| 9708/13/O/N/17 | Q14, Q15, Q17, Q18 |
| 9708/13/M/J/17 | Q15, Q16, Q18 |
| 9708/13/O/N/16 | Q14, Q16, Q18 |
| 9708/13/M/J/16 | Q11, Q13, Q15, Q17, Q18 |
| 9708/13/O/N/15 | Q13, Q18 |
| 9708/13/M/J/15 | Q9, Q18 |
| 9708/13/O/N/14 | Q16, Q17, Q18 |
| 9708/13/M/J/14 | Q18 |
| 9708/13/O/N/13 | Q10, Q17, Q18 |
| 9708/13/M/J/13 | Q12, Q18 |
| 9708/13/O/N/12 | Q7, Q11, Q18 |
| 9708/13/M/J/12 | Q10, Q18 |
| 9708/13/O/N/11 | Q10, Q16 |
| 9708/13/M/J/11 | Q10, Q16 |
| 9708/13/O/N/10 | Q16, Q17 |
| 9708/13/M/J/10 | Q9, Q16 |
Policies to correct market failure — 9708 past paper questions
69 questions across 30 of the 51 papers, carrying 4.5% of all the questions counted (Government microeconomic intervention). Revise it: Market failure and externalities →
| Paper | Questions |
|---|---|
| 9708/31/O/N/25 | Q8, Q9, Q11, Q13 |
| 9708/32/O/N/25 | Q6, Q9, Q11 |
| 9708/33/O/N/25 | Q8, Q10, Q11, Q12 |
| 9708/31/M/J/25 | Q8, Q9, Q10, Q13 |
| 9708/32/M/J/25 | Q8, Q9, Q11 |
| 9708/33/M/J/25 | Q8, Q9, Q10, Q13 |
| 9708/32/F/M/25 | Q8, Q10, Q11 |
| 9708/31/O/N/24 | Q11, Q12 |
| 9708/32/O/N/24 | Q11 |
| 9708/33/O/N/24 | Q11 |
| 9708/31/M/J/24 | Q11, Q12, Q24 |
| 9708/32/M/J/24 | Q11, Q12 |
| 9708/33/M/J/24 | Q11, Q12, Q24 |
| 9708/32/F/M/24 | Q11, Q12, Q13 |
| 9708/31/O/N/23 | Q11, Q16, Q19 |
| 9708/32/O/N/23 | Q14 |
| 9708/33/O/N/23 | Q14, Q15 |
| 9708/31/M/J/23 | Q12, Q13, Q17 |
| 9708/32/M/J/23 | Q12, Q17 |
| 9708/33/M/J/23 | Q12, Q13, Q17 |
| 9708/32/F/M/23 | Q9, Q15 |
| 9708/13/O/N/15 | Q15, Q16 |
| 9708/13/M/J/15 | Q16 |
| 9708/13/M/J/14 | Q16 |
| 9708/13/O/N/13 | Q14, Q15 |
| 9708/13/O/N/12 | Q14, Q16 |
| 9708/13/M/J/12 | Q16, Q17 |
| 9708/13/M/J/11 | Q14 |
| 9708/13/O/N/10 | Q15 |
| 9708/13/M/J/10 | Q14 |
The interaction of demand and supply — 9708 past paper questions
66 questions across 28 of the 51 papers, carrying 4.3% of all the questions counted (The price system and the microeconomy). Revise it: Demand and supply →
| Paper | Questions |
|---|---|
| 9708/13/O/N/24 | Q7 |
| 9708/13/M/J/24 | Q7, Q9 |
| 9708/13/O/N/23 | Q8, Q9, Q13 |
| 9708/13/M/J/23 | Q7, Q9 |
| 9708/13/O/N/22 | Q10, Q11, Q13, Q14 |
| 9708/13/M/J/22 | Q5, Q8, Q9, Q10 |
| 9708/13/O/N/21 | Q6, Q7, Q11 |
| 9708/13/M/J/21 | Q9 |
| 9708/13/O/N/20 | Q5, Q7, Q8, Q12 |
| 9708/13/M/J/20 | Q5, Q7 |
| 9708/13/O/N/19 | Q10 |
| 9708/13/M/J/19 | Q5, Q6, Q7, Q10, Q11 |
| 9708/13/O/N/18 | Q9, Q11 |
| 9708/13/M/J/18 | Q10, Q11 |
| 9708/13/O/N/17 | Q9, Q10, Q11 |
| 9708/13/M/J/17 | Q10, Q11, Q14 |
| 9708/13/O/N/16 | Q12 |
| 9708/13/O/N/15 | Q11 |
| 9708/13/M/J/15 | Q12, Q13 |
| 9708/13/O/N/14 | Q12, Q13 |
| 9708/13/M/J/14 | Q11, Q12, Q13 |
| 9708/13/O/N/13 | Q9, Q11, Q13 |
| 9708/13/M/J/13 | Q10 |
| 9708/13/O/N/12 | Q10, Q13 |
| 9708/13/M/J/12 | Q12, Q13 |
| 9708/13/M/J/11 | Q11 |
| 9708/13/O/N/10 | Q8, Q9, Q11 |
| 9708/13/M/J/10 | Q3, Q5, Q11 |
Price elasticity, income elasticity and cross elasticity of demand — 9708 past paper questions
63 questions across 29 of the 51 papers, carrying 4.1% of all the questions counted (The price system and the microeconomy). Revise it: Elasticity →
| Paper | Questions |
|---|---|
| 9708/13/O/N/24 | Q9, Q11 |
| 9708/13/M/J/24 | Q8 |
| 9708/13/O/N/23 | Q7, Q10, Q12 |
| 9708/13/M/J/23 | Q5, Q10, Q11 |
| 9708/13/O/N/22 | Q8, Q12 |
| 9708/13/M/J/22 | Q13 |
| 9708/13/O/N/21 | Q10, Q13 |
| 9708/13/M/J/21 | Q13 |
| 9708/13/O/N/20 | Q6, Q9, Q10 |
| 9708/13/M/J/20 | Q10, Q12, Q13 |
| 9708/13/O/N/19 | Q7, Q8 |
| 9708/13/M/J/19 | Q9 |
| 9708/13/M/J/18 | Q6, Q7, Q8, Q9 |
| 9708/13/O/N/17 | Q6 |
| 9708/13/M/J/17 | Q7 |
| 9708/13/O/N/16 | Q7, Q8, Q9 |
| 9708/13/M/J/16 | Q7, Q8, Q9 |
| 9708/13/O/N/15 | Q7, Q8 |
| 9708/13/M/J/15 | Q6, Q7 |
| 9708/13/O/N/14 | Q5, Q6, Q8 |
| 9708/13/M/J/14 | Q6, Q7, Q8 |
| 9708/13/O/N/13 | Q7, Q8 |
| 9708/13/M/J/13 | Q6, Q7 |
| 9708/13/O/N/12 | Q8, Q9 |
| 9708/13/M/J/12 | Q5, Q6, Q7 |
| 9708/13/O/N/11 | Q6 |
| 9708/13/M/J/11 | Q6, Q9 |
| 9708/13/O/N/10 | Q5, Q6, Q7 |
| 9708/13/M/J/10 | Q6, Q7 |
Exchange rates — 9708 past paper questions
56 questions across 37 of the 51 papers, carrying 3.7% of all the questions counted (International economic issues). Revise it: Exchange rates →
| Paper | Questions |
|---|---|
| 9708/31/O/N/25 | Q23, Q30 |
| 9708/32/O/N/25 | Q22, Q25, Q29 |
| 9708/33/O/N/25 | Q25 |
| 9708/31/M/J/25 | Q24, Q27 |
| 9708/32/M/J/25 | Q26 |
| 9708/33/M/J/25 | Q24 |
| 9708/32/F/M/25 | Q23 |
| 9708/13/O/N/24 | Q30 |
| 9708/32/O/N/24 | Q27 |
| 9708/31/M/J/24 | Q26 |
| 9708/32/M/J/24 | Q27 |
| 9708/32/F/M/24 | Q25, Q28 |
| 9708/32/O/N/23 | Q24 |
| 9708/32/M/J/23 | Q26 |
| 9708/13/M/J/22 | Q24, Q26, Q27 |
| 9708/13/O/N/21 | Q25 |
| 9708/13/O/N/20 | Q24 |
| 9708/13/M/J/20 | Q22 |
| 9708/13/O/N/19 | Q26 |
| 9708/13/O/N/18 | Q23 |
| 9708/13/M/J/18 | Q22 |
| 9708/13/O/N/17 | Q23 |
| 9708/13/M/J/17 | Q23 |
| 9708/13/O/N/16 | Q23, Q24 |
| 9708/13/M/J/16 | Q23, Q24 |
| 9708/13/O/N/15 | Q29 |
| 9708/13/M/J/15 | Q29 |
| 9708/13/O/N/14 | Q29 |
| 9708/13/M/J/14 | Q28, Q30 |
| 9708/13/O/N/13 | Q27, Q28, Q29 |
| 9708/13/M/J/13 | Q27, Q30 |
| 9708/13/O/N/12 | Q29, Q30 |
| 9708/13/M/J/12 | Q27 |
| 9708/13/O/N/11 | Q25, Q26 |
| 9708/13/M/J/11 | Q25, Q26, Q28 |
| 9708/13/O/N/10 | Q26, Q28 |
| 9708/13/M/J/10 | Q27, Q28 |
The reasons for international trade — 9708 past paper questions
56 questions across 28 of the 51 papers, carrying 3.7% of all the questions counted (International economic issues).
| Paper | Questions |
|---|---|
| 9708/13/O/N/24 | Q26, Q29 |
| 9708/13/M/J/24 | Q28, Q29, Q30 |
| 9708/13/O/N/23 | Q24 |
| 9708/13/M/J/23 | Q22, Q23 |
| 9708/13/O/N/22 | Q23 |
| 9708/13/M/J/22 | Q20 |
| 9708/13/O/N/21 | Q19, Q20, Q21 |
| 9708/13/M/J/21 | Q23 |
| 9708/13/O/N/20 | Q20, Q23 |
| 9708/13/M/J/20 | Q23, Q26 |
| 9708/13/O/N/18 | Q24, Q25 |
| 9708/13/M/J/18 | Q24, Q27 |
| 9708/13/O/N/17 | Q24, Q25 |
| 9708/13/M/J/17 | Q24, Q25 |
| 9708/13/O/N/16 | Q11, Q25, Q26, Q27 |
| 9708/13/M/J/16 | Q12, Q25, Q26 |
| 9708/13/O/N/15 | Q19, Q20 |
| 9708/13/M/J/15 | Q19, Q21 |
| 9708/13/O/N/14 | Q19 |
| 9708/13/M/J/14 | Q19 |
| 9708/13/O/N/13 | Q20, Q21 |
| 9708/13/M/J/13 | Q19, Q21 |
| 9708/13/O/N/12 | Q19, Q20, Q22, Q28 |
| 9708/13/M/J/12 | Q19, Q29 |
| 9708/13/O/N/11 | Q17, Q19 |
| 9708/13/M/J/11 | Q17, Q19 |
| 9708/13/O/N/10 | Q21 |
| 9708/13/M/J/10 | Q17, Q18 |
Price stability — 9708 past paper questions
51 questions across 28 of the 51 papers, carrying 3.3% of all the questions counted (The macroeconomy). Revise it: Aggregate demand and supply →
| Paper | Questions |
|---|---|
| 9708/13/O/N/24 | Q15 |
| 9708/13/O/N/23 | Q23 |
| 9708/13/O/N/22 | Q26, Q27, Q28 |
| 9708/13/M/J/22 | Q23, Q25 |
| 9708/13/O/N/21 | Q29 |
| 9708/13/M/J/21 | Q19, Q22 |
| 9708/13/O/N/20 | Q19, Q25 |
| 9708/13/M/J/20 | Q19 |
| 9708/13/O/N/19 | Q21, Q25 |
| 9708/13/M/J/19 | Q19, Q26 |
| 9708/13/O/N/18 | Q21 |
| 9708/13/M/J/18 | Q20 |
| 9708/13/O/N/17 | Q20, Q21 |
| 9708/13/M/J/17 | Q21 |
| 9708/13/O/N/16 | Q20, Q21 |
| 9708/13/M/J/16 | Q20, Q21 |
| 9708/13/O/N/15 | Q25, Q26 |
| 9708/13/M/J/15 | Q25, Q26 |
| 9708/13/O/N/14 | Q23, Q25, Q26 |
| 9708/13/M/J/14 | Q24, Q25 |
| 9708/13/O/N/13 | Q25 |
| 9708/13/M/J/13 | Q25 |
| 9708/13/O/N/12 | Q25 |
| 9708/13/M/J/12 | Q24, Q25, Q26 |
| 9708/13/O/N/11 | Q22, Q23 |
| 9708/13/M/J/11 | Q21, Q22, Q23 |
| 9708/13/O/N/10 | Q23, Q24 |
| 9708/13/M/J/10 | Q22, Q23, Q24 |
Demand and supply curves — 9708 past paper questions
51 questions across 26 of the 51 papers, carrying 3.3% of all the questions counted (The price system and the microeconomy). Revise it: Demand and supply →
| Paper | Questions |
|---|---|
| 9708/13/O/N/24 | Q6 |
| 9708/13/M/J/24 | Q10, Q11 |
| 9708/13/M/J/23 | Q6, Q8 |
| 9708/13/M/J/22 | Q7 |
| 9708/13/O/N/21 | Q8 |
| 9708/13/M/J/21 | Q5, Q6, Q11 |
| 9708/13/M/J/20 | Q6 |
| 9708/13/M/J/19 | Q13 |
| 9708/13/O/N/18 | Q5, Q6 |
| 9708/13/M/J/18 | Q5 |
| 9708/13/O/N/17 | Q5 |
| 9708/13/M/J/17 | Q5, Q6, Q12 |
| 9708/13/O/N/16 | Q5, Q6 |
| 9708/13/M/J/16 | Q5, Q6 |
| 9708/13/O/N/15 | Q5, Q6, Q9 |
| 9708/13/M/J/15 | Q5, Q8, Q11 |
| 9708/13/O/N/14 | Q9 |
| 9708/13/M/J/14 | Q5, Q9 |
| 9708/13/O/N/13 | Q5, Q6 |
| 9708/13/M/J/13 | Q5, Q9, Q11 |
| 9708/13/O/N/12 | Q5, Q6 |
| 9708/13/M/J/12 | Q8 |
| 9708/13/O/N/11 | Q3, Q4, Q5, Q7 |
| 9708/13/M/J/11 | Q3, Q4, Q5, Q7 |
| 9708/13/O/N/10 | Q4 |
| 9708/13/M/J/10 | Q4, Q8 |
Labour market — 9708 past paper questions
48 questions across 21 of the 51 papers, carrying 3.1% of all the questions counted (Government microeconomic intervention).
| Paper | Questions |
|---|---|
| 9708/31/O/N/25 | Q12, Q18 |
| 9708/32/O/N/25 | Q12 |
| 9708/33/O/N/25 | Q9 |
| 9708/31/M/J/25 | Q12, Q14 |
| 9708/32/M/J/25 | Q12, Q13, Q14 |
| 9708/33/M/J/25 | Q12, Q14, Q18 |
| 9708/32/F/M/25 | Q12, Q13, Q14 |
| 9708/31/O/N/24 | Q13, Q15 |
| 9708/32/O/N/24 | Q12, Q13, Q14 |
| 9708/33/O/N/24 | Q12, Q13, Q14 |
| 9708/31/M/J/24 | Q14, Q15 |
| 9708/32/M/J/24 | Q13, Q14, Q15 |
| 9708/33/M/J/24 | Q14, Q15 |
| 9708/32/F/M/24 | Q14, Q15 |
| 9708/31/O/N/23 | Q12, Q13 |
| 9708/32/O/N/23 | Q10, Q11, Q16 |
| 9708/33/O/N/23 | Q11, Q12 |
| 9708/31/M/J/23 | Q14, Q15 |
| 9708/32/M/J/23 | Q13, Q16 |
| 9708/33/M/J/23 | Q14, Q15 |
| 9708/32/F/M/23 | Q11, Q12, Q13 |
Current account of the balance of payments — 9708 past paper questions
47 questions across 30 of the 51 papers, carrying 3.1% of all the questions counted (International economic issues).
| Paper | Questions |
|---|---|
| 9708/13/O/N/24 | Q25, Q27 |
| 9708/13/M/J/24 | Q26 |
| 9708/13/O/N/23 | Q21, Q25 |
| 9708/13/M/J/23 | Q17 |
| 9708/13/O/N/22 | Q25 |
| 9708/13/M/J/22 | Q22 |
| 9708/13/O/N/21 | Q27 |
| 9708/13/M/J/21 | Q21 |
| 9708/13/O/N/20 | Q22 |
| 9708/13/M/J/20 | Q24, Q27 |
| 9708/13/O/N/19 | Q24 |
| 9708/13/M/J/19 | Q21, Q25 |
| 9708/13/O/N/18 | Q22 |
| 9708/13/M/J/18 | Q21 |
| 9708/13/O/N/17 | Q22 |
| 9708/13/M/J/17 | Q22 |
| 9708/13/O/N/16 | Q22 |
| 9708/13/M/J/16 | Q22 |
| 9708/13/O/N/15 | Q27, Q28 |
| 9708/13/M/J/15 | Q22, Q27, Q28 |
| 9708/13/O/N/14 | Q22, Q27 |
| 9708/13/M/J/14 | Q20, Q26, Q27 |
| 9708/13/O/N/13 | Q22, Q26 |
| 9708/13/M/J/13 | Q22, Q29 |
| 9708/13/O/N/12 | Q26 |
| 9708/13/M/J/12 | Q22 |
| 9708/13/O/N/11 | Q20, Q24, Q27 |
| 9708/13/M/J/11 | Q20, Q24 |
| 9708/13/O/N/10 | Q25 |
| 9708/13/M/J/10 | Q20, Q25, Q26 |
Protectionism — 9708 past paper questions
37 questions across 24 of the 51 papers, carrying 2.4% of all the questions counted (International economic issues).
| Paper | Questions |
|---|---|
| 9708/13/O/N/24 | Q24, Q28 |
| 9708/13/M/J/24 | Q25, Q27 |
| 9708/13/M/J/23 | Q29 |
| 9708/13/O/N/22 | Q20 |
| 9708/13/O/N/21 | Q22, Q24, Q26 |
| 9708/13/M/J/21 | Q20, Q24, Q26 |
| 9708/13/O/N/19 | Q22 |
| 9708/13/M/J/19 | Q23 |
| 9708/13/O/N/18 | Q27 |
| 9708/13/M/J/18 | Q26, Q29 |
| 9708/13/O/N/17 | Q26, Q27 |
| 9708/13/M/J/17 | Q26, Q27 |
| 9708/13/M/J/16 | Q27 |
| 9708/13/O/N/15 | Q21 |
| 9708/13/M/J/15 | Q20 |
| 9708/13/O/N/14 | Q20, Q21 |
| 9708/13/M/J/14 | Q21, Q22 |
| 9708/13/O/N/13 | Q19 |
| 9708/13/M/J/13 | Q20 |
| 9708/13/O/N/12 | Q21 |
| 9708/13/M/J/12 | Q20, Q21 |
| 9708/13/O/N/11 | Q18 |
| 9708/13/M/J/11 | Q18 |
| 9708/13/O/N/10 | Q18, Q19 |
Effectiveness of policy options — 9708 past paper questions
37 questions across 19 of the 51 papers, carrying 2.4% of all the questions counted (Government macroeconomic intervention). Revise it: Aggregate demand and supply →
| Paper | Questions |
|---|---|
| 9708/31/O/N/25 | Q22 |
| 9708/32/O/N/25 | Q15 |
| 9708/33/O/N/25 | Q14, Q20, Q22, Q23 |
| 9708/32/M/J/25 | Q17, Q24 |
| 9708/33/M/J/25 | Q19 |
| 9708/32/F/M/25 | Q21, Q24 |
| 9708/31/O/N/24 | Q23, Q24 |
| 9708/32/O/N/24 | Q22 |
| 9708/33/O/N/24 | Q18, Q20, Q23, Q24 |
| 9708/31/M/J/24 | Q22 |
| 9708/32/M/J/24 | Q22, Q24 |
| 9708/33/M/J/24 | Q22 |
| 9708/32/F/M/24 | Q20, Q22, Q24, Q26 |
| 9708/31/O/N/23 | Q23, Q24 |
| 9708/32/O/N/23 | Q20, Q23 |
| 9708/31/M/J/23 | Q23, Q25 |
| 9708/32/M/J/23 | Q23 |
| 9708/33/M/J/23 | Q23, Q25 |
| 9708/32/F/M/23 | Q17, Q22 |
Balance of payments & correction policies — 9708 past paper questions
36 questions across 27 of the 51 papers, carrying 2.4% of all the questions counted (International economic issues).
| Paper | Questions |
|---|---|
| 9708/31/O/N/25 | Q25, Q29 |
| 9708/32/O/N/25 | Q18, Q27 |
| 9708/31/M/J/25 | Q25 |
| 9708/32/M/J/25 | Q27 |
| 9708/33/M/J/25 | Q25, Q27 |
| 9708/32/F/M/25 | Q22, Q25 |
| 9708/31/O/N/24 | Q25, Q26 |
| 9708/32/O/N/24 | Q25, Q26 |
| 9708/33/O/N/24 | Q26 |
| 9708/31/M/J/24 | Q25 |
| 9708/32/M/J/24 | Q26 |
| 9708/33/M/J/24 | Q25, Q26 |
| 9708/32/F/M/24 | Q27 |
| 9708/33/O/N/23 | Q29 |
| 9708/32/M/J/23 | Q28 |
| 9708/32/F/M/23 | Q24, Q29 |
| 9708/13/M/J/21 | Q25 |
| 9708/13/O/N/19 | Q19, Q27 |
| 9708/13/M/J/19 | Q20 |
| 9708/13/M/J/18 | Q23 |
| 9708/13/O/N/17 | Q29 |
| 9708/13/O/N/14 | Q28 |
| 9708/13/M/J/14 | Q29 |
| 9708/13/M/J/12 | Q28 |
| 9708/13/O/N/11 | Q28 |
| 9708/13/M/J/11 | Q27 |
| 9708/13/O/N/10 | Q27 |
Price elasticity of supply — 9708 past paper questions
36 questions across 25 of the 51 papers, carrying 2.4% of all the questions counted (The price system and the microeconomy). Revise it: Elasticity →
| Paper | Questions |
|---|---|
| 9708/13/O/N/24 | Q8 |
| 9708/13/M/J/24 | Q6, Q14 |
| 9708/13/O/N/23 | Q6, Q11 |
| 9708/13/M/J/23 | Q12, Q13 |
| 9708/13/O/N/22 | Q9 |
| 9708/13/M/J/22 | Q6 |
| 9708/13/O/N/21 | Q9 |
| 9708/13/M/J/21 | Q7, Q8 |
| 9708/13/M/J/20 | Q11 |
| 9708/13/O/N/19 | Q5, Q6 |
| 9708/13/M/J/19 | Q8, Q12 |
| 9708/13/O/N/18 | Q7, Q8 |
| 9708/13/O/N/17 | Q7, Q8 |
| 9708/13/M/J/17 | Q8, Q9 |
| 9708/13/O/N/16 | Q10 |
| 9708/13/M/J/16 | Q10 |
| 9708/13/O/N/15 | Q10 |
| 9708/13/M/J/15 | Q10 |
| 9708/13/O/N/14 | Q10, Q11 |
| 9708/13/M/J/14 | Q10 |
| 9708/13/M/J/13 | Q8 |
| 9708/13/M/J/12 | Q9 |
| 9708/13/O/N/11 | Q8, Q9 |
| 9708/13/M/J/11 | Q8 |
| 9708/13/O/N/10 | Q12 |
Employment & unemployment — 9708 past paper questions
34 questions across 20 of the 51 papers, carrying 2.2% of all the questions counted (The macroeconomy).
| Paper | Questions |
|---|---|
| 9708/31/O/N/25 | Q16 |
| 9708/32/O/N/25 | Q14 |
| 9708/33/O/N/25 | Q15, Q18 |
| 9708/31/M/J/25 | Q16, Q18 |
| 9708/32/M/J/25 | Q20 |
| 9708/33/M/J/25 | Q16 |
| 9708/32/F/M/25 | Q18 |
| 9708/31/O/N/24 | Q17, Q18, Q20 |
| 9708/32/O/N/24 | Q17, Q18, Q20 |
| 9708/33/O/N/24 | Q17 |
| 9708/31/M/J/24 | Q17, Q18 |
| 9708/32/M/J/24 | Q17, Q18 |
| 9708/33/M/J/24 | Q17, Q18 |
| 9708/32/F/M/24 | Q17, Q18 |
| 9708/31/O/N/23 | Q21 |
| 9708/33/O/N/23 | Q18 |
| 9708/31/M/J/23 | Q19, Q21, Q28 |
| 9708/32/M/J/23 | Q22 |
| 9708/33/M/J/23 | Q19, Q21, Q28 |
| 9708/32/F/M/23 | Q20 |
Money & banking — 9708 past paper questions
33 questions across 27 of the 51 papers, carrying 2.2% of all the questions counted (The macroeconomy).
| Paper | Questions |
|---|---|
| 9708/31/O/N/25 | Q14, Q15, Q17 |
| 9708/32/O/N/25 | Q13, Q16, Q19 |
| 9708/33/O/N/25 | Q17 |
| 9708/31/M/J/25 | Q19, Q20 |
| 9708/32/M/J/25 | Q19 |
| 9708/33/M/J/25 | Q20 |
| 9708/32/F/M/25 | Q17 |
| 9708/31/O/N/24 | Q16 |
| 9708/32/O/N/24 | Q16 |
| 9708/33/O/N/24 | Q16 |
| 9708/31/M/J/24 | Q16 |
| 9708/32/M/J/24 | Q16, Q21 |
| 9708/33/M/J/24 | Q16 |
| 9708/32/F/M/24 | Q16 |
| 9708/33/O/N/23 | Q17 |
| 9708/32/F/M/23 | Q18 |
| 9708/13/O/N/22 | Q2 |
| 9708/13/M/J/22 | Q1 |
| 9708/13/O/N/21 | Q3 |
| 9708/13/M/J/21 | Q4 |
| 9708/13/M/J/20 | Q2 |
| 9708/13/M/J/18 | Q4 |
| 9708/13/O/N/16 | Q4 |
| 9708/13/O/N/13 | Q4 |
| 9708/13/M/J/13 | Q4 |
| 9708/13/O/N/12 | Q4 |
| 9708/13/O/N/10 | Q3 |
Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply analysis — 9708 past paper questions
33 questions across 23 of the 51 papers, carrying 2.2% of all the questions counted (The macroeconomy). Revise it: Aggregate demand and supply →
| Paper | Questions |
|---|---|
| 9708/13/O/N/24 | Q19 |
| 9708/13/M/J/24 | Q15, Q16 |
| 9708/13/O/N/23 | Q20 |
| 9708/13/M/J/23 | Q25, Q26, Q28 |
| 9708/13/O/N/22 | Q21, Q22, Q24 |
| 9708/13/M/J/22 | Q19, Q21 |
| 9708/13/O/N/21 | Q23, Q30 |
| 9708/13/O/N/20 | Q21 |
| 9708/13/M/J/20 | Q21 |
| 9708/13/O/N/19 | Q20 |
| 9708/13/M/J/19 | Q18, Q22, Q27 |
| 9708/13/O/N/18 | Q20 |
| 9708/13/M/J/18 | Q19 |
| 9708/13/O/N/17 | Q19 |
| 9708/13/M/J/17 | Q19, Q20 |
| 9708/13/O/N/16 | Q19 |
| 9708/13/M/J/16 | Q19 |
| 9708/13/O/N/15 | Q24 |
| 9708/13/M/J/15 | Q24 |
| 9708/13/O/N/14 | Q24 |
| 9708/13/O/N/13 | Q23 |
| 9708/13/M/J/13 | Q24 |
| 9708/13/O/N/12 | Q24 |
Equity, poverty & redistribution — 9708 past paper questions
33 questions across 19 of the 51 papers, carrying 2.2% of all the questions counted (Government microeconomic intervention).
| Paper | Questions |
|---|---|
| 9708/31/O/N/25 | Q10 |
| 9708/32/O/N/25 | Q10, Q28 |
| 9708/33/O/N/25 | Q30 |
| 9708/31/M/J/25 | Q11 |
| 9708/32/M/J/25 | Q10, Q25 |
| 9708/33/M/J/25 | Q11 |
| 9708/32/F/M/25 | Q9 |
| 9708/32/O/N/24 | Q15, Q24, Q29 |
| 9708/33/O/N/24 | Q15, Q29 |
| 9708/31/M/J/24 | Q13 |
| 9708/33/M/J/24 | Q13, Q30 |
| 9708/32/F/M/24 | Q29 |
| 9708/31/O/N/23 | Q14, Q15, Q25, Q29 |
| 9708/32/O/N/23 | Q12, Q13, Q27 |
| 9708/33/O/N/23 | Q13 |
| 9708/31/M/J/23 | Q16, Q30 |
| 9708/32/M/J/23 | Q15 |
| 9708/33/M/J/23 | Q16, Q30 |
| 9708/32/F/M/23 | Q14, Q16 |
Classification of goods and services — 9708 past paper questions
31 questions across 25 of the 51 papers, carrying 2% of all the questions counted (Basic economic ideas and resource allocation). Revise it: Market failure and externalities →
| Paper | Questions |
|---|---|
| 9708/13/O/N/24 | Q2 |
| 9708/13/M/J/24 | Q1, Q3 |
| 9708/13/O/N/23 | Q2, Q4 |
| 9708/13/M/J/23 | Q1 |
| 9708/13/O/N/22 | Q5 |
| 9708/13/O/N/21 | Q15 |
| 9708/13/M/J/21 | Q1, Q14 |
| 9708/13/O/N/20 | Q2, Q4 |
| 9708/13/M/J/20 | Q3 |
| 9708/13/O/N/19 | Q2 |
| 9708/13/O/N/18 | Q4 |
| 9708/13/O/N/17 | Q4 |
| 9708/13/M/J/17 | Q4 |
| 9708/13/O/N/16 | Q17 |
| 9708/13/M/J/16 | Q4 |
| 9708/13/O/N/15 | Q17 |
| 9708/13/M/J/15 | Q17 |
| 9708/13/O/N/14 | Q1, Q15 |
| 9708/13/M/J/14 | Q17 |
| 9708/13/O/N/13 | Q16 |
| 9708/13/M/J/13 | Q17 |
| 9708/13/O/N/12 | Q17 |
| 9708/13/O/N/11 | Q14, Q15 |
| 9708/13/M/J/11 | Q15 |
| 9708/13/M/J/10 | Q15 |
Circular flow & the multiplier — 9708 past paper questions
30 questions across 18 of the 51 papers, carrying 2% of all the questions counted (The macroeconomy). Revise it: Aggregate demand and supply →
| Paper | Questions |
|---|---|
| 9708/32/O/N/25 | Q20 |
| 9708/31/M/J/25 | Q15 |
| 9708/32/M/J/25 | Q15, Q16 |
| 9708/33/M/J/25 | Q15 |
| 9708/32/F/M/25 | Q15, Q19 |
| 9708/31/O/N/24 | Q19 |
| 9708/32/O/N/24 | Q19 |
| 9708/33/O/N/24 | Q19 |
| 9708/31/M/J/24 | Q19 |
| 9708/32/M/J/24 | Q19 |
| 9708/33/M/J/24 | Q19 |
| 9708/31/O/N/23 | Q17, Q18, Q22 |
| 9708/32/O/N/23 | Q15, Q17, Q19 |
| 9708/33/O/N/23 | Q16, Q20, Q21 |
| 9708/31/M/J/23 | Q20, Q22 |
| 9708/32/M/J/23 | Q18, Q20, Q21 |
| 9708/33/M/J/23 | Q20, Q22 |
| 9708/32/F/M/23 | Q21 |
Market structures — 9708 past paper questions
30 questions across 16 of the 51 papers, carrying 2% of all the questions counted (The price system and the microeconomy). Revise it: Market structures →
| Paper | Questions |
|---|---|
| 9708/32/O/N/25 | Q4 |
| 9708/33/O/N/25 | Q5 |
| 9708/32/M/J/25 | Q6 |
| 9708/33/M/J/25 | Q6 |
| 9708/32/F/M/25 | Q3 |
| 9708/31/O/N/24 | Q8 |
| 9708/32/O/N/24 | Q5, Q9 |
| 9708/33/O/N/24 | Q5, Q6, Q9, Q10 |
| 9708/31/M/J/24 | Q5, Q7, Q10 |
| 9708/32/M/J/24 | Q5, Q9 |
| 9708/33/M/J/24 | Q5, Q7, Q10 |
| 9708/32/F/M/24 | Q7, Q10 |
| 9708/31/O/N/23 | Q3, Q5, Q7 |
| 9708/32/O/N/23 | Q4, Q5 |
| 9708/32/M/J/23 | Q9, Q10 |
| 9708/32/F/M/23 | Q6 |
Production possibility curves — 9708 past paper questions
29 questions across 26 of the 51 papers, carrying 1.9% of all the questions counted (Basic economic ideas and resource allocation).
Costs, revenue, profit & production — 9708 past paper questions
29 questions across 16 of the 51 papers, carrying 1.9% of all the questions counted (The price system and the microeconomy).
| Paper | Questions |
|---|---|
| 9708/31/O/N/25 | Q2, Q3 |
| 9708/33/O/N/25 | Q4, Q6, Q7 |
| 9708/31/M/J/25 | Q5, Q6 |
| 9708/32/M/J/25 | Q5 |
| 9708/33/M/J/25 | Q5 |
| 9708/32/F/M/25 | Q1 |
| 9708/31/O/N/24 | Q4, Q7, Q14 |
| 9708/32/O/N/24 | Q3, Q6 |
| 9708/33/O/N/24 | Q4, Q8 |
| 9708/32/M/J/24 | Q4 |
| 9708/32/F/M/24 | Q4 |
| 9708/31/O/N/23 | Q4 |
| 9708/33/O/N/23 | Q4, Q5 |
| 9708/31/M/J/23 | Q6, Q7 |
| 9708/32/M/J/23 | Q4, Q11, Q14 |
| 9708/33/M/J/23 | Q6, Q7 |
Firm objectives & pricing policies — 9708 past paper questions
26 questions across 18 of the 51 papers, carrying 1.7% of all the questions counted (The price system and the microeconomy).
| Paper | Questions |
|---|---|
| 9708/31/O/N/25 | Q1, Q7 |
| 9708/32/O/N/25 | Q7 |
| 9708/33/O/N/25 | Q2 |
| 9708/32/F/M/25 | Q4 |
| 9708/31/O/N/24 | Q6, Q9 |
| 9708/32/O/N/24 | Q7 |
| 9708/33/O/N/24 | Q7 |
| 9708/31/M/J/24 | Q4, Q8 |
| 9708/32/M/J/24 | Q6 |
| 9708/33/M/J/24 | Q4, Q8 |
| 9708/32/F/M/24 | Q6 |
| 9708/31/O/N/23 | Q6 |
| 9708/32/O/N/23 | Q6, Q7 |
| 9708/33/O/N/23 | Q3, Q7 |
| 9708/31/M/J/23 | Q5, Q11 |
| 9708/32/M/J/23 | Q3 |
| 9708/33/M/J/23 | Q5, Q11 |
| 9708/32/F/M/23 | Q5 |
Consumer and producer surplus — 9708 past paper questions
25 questions across 22 of the 51 papers, carrying 1.6% of all the questions counted (The price system and the microeconomy). Revise it: Demand and supply →
| Paper | Questions |
|---|---|
| 9708/13/O/N/24 | Q10 |
| 9708/13/O/N/23 | Q5 |
| 9708/13/O/N/22 | Q6, Q7 |
| 9708/13/M/J/22 | Q11 |
| 9708/13/O/N/21 | Q5 |
| 9708/13/M/J/21 | Q12 |
| 9708/13/O/N/20 | Q11 |
| 9708/13/O/N/19 | Q9 |
| 9708/13/O/N/18 | Q13 |
| 9708/13/M/J/18 | Q12, Q13 |
| 9708/13/O/N/17 | Q12, Q13 |
| 9708/13/M/J/17 | Q13 |
| 9708/13/O/N/16 | Q13 |
| 9708/13/O/N/15 | Q12 |
| 9708/13/O/N/14 | Q7 |
| 9708/13/O/N/13 | Q12 |
| 9708/13/M/J/13 | Q13 |
| 9708/13/O/N/12 | Q12 |
| 9708/13/M/J/12 | Q11 |
| 9708/13/O/N/11 | Q11 |
| 9708/13/O/N/10 | Q10 |
| 9708/13/M/J/10 | Q10 |
Characteristics of countries at different development levels — 9708 past paper questions
23 questions across 17 of the 51 papers, carrying 1.5% of all the questions counted (International economic issues).
| Paper | Questions |
|---|---|
| 9708/32/O/N/25 | Q30 |
| 9708/33/O/N/25 | Q28 |
| 9708/31/M/J/25 | Q26 |
| 9708/33/M/J/25 | Q26 |
| 9708/32/F/M/25 | Q26, Q27 |
| 9708/31/O/N/24 | Q27 |
| 9708/33/O/N/24 | Q25, Q30 |
| 9708/31/M/J/24 | Q28, Q29, Q30 |
| 9708/32/M/J/24 | Q29 |
| 9708/33/M/J/24 | Q28, Q29 |
| 9708/32/F/M/24 | Q30 |
| 9708/31/O/N/23 | Q27, Q28 |
| 9708/32/O/N/23 | Q25 |
| 9708/33/O/N/23 | Q27 |
| 9708/31/M/J/23 | Q29 |
| 9708/32/M/J/23 | Q29 |
| 9708/33/M/J/23 | Q29 |
Efficiency & market failure — 9708 past paper questions
23 questions across 15 of the 51 papers, carrying 1.5% of all the questions counted (The price system and the microeconomy). Revise it: Market failure and externalities →
| Paper | Questions |
|---|---|
| 9708/31/O/N/25 | Q5 |
| 9708/32/O/N/25 | Q1, Q8 |
| 9708/33/O/N/25 | Q1, Q3 |
| 9708/31/M/J/25 | Q2 |
| 9708/32/M/J/25 | Q2, Q4 |
| 9708/33/M/J/25 | Q2 |
| 9708/32/F/M/25 | Q2, Q7 |
| 9708/33/O/N/24 | Q3 |
| 9708/31/O/N/23 | Q8 |
| 9708/32/O/N/23 | Q8 |
| 9708/33/O/N/23 | Q10 |
| 9708/31/M/J/23 | Q2, Q4 |
| 9708/32/M/J/23 | Q1, Q7 |
| 9708/33/M/J/23 | Q2, Q4 |
| 9708/32/F/M/23 | Q4, Q10 |
Relationships between countries (aid, MNCs, FDI, debt, IMF/World Bank) — 9708 past paper questions
22 questions across 18 of the 51 papers, carrying 1.4% of all the questions counted (International economic issues).
| Paper | Questions |
|---|---|
| 9708/31/O/N/25 | Q26, Q28 |
| 9708/32/O/N/25 | Q26 |
| 9708/33/O/N/25 | Q27 |
| 9708/31/M/J/25 | Q28 |
| 9708/32/M/J/25 | Q29 |
| 9708/33/M/J/25 | Q28 |
| 9708/32/F/M/25 | Q29, Q30 |
| 9708/31/O/N/24 | Q28 |
| 9708/32/O/N/24 | Q28 |
| 9708/33/O/N/24 | Q28 |
| 9708/31/M/J/24 | Q27 |
| 9708/32/M/J/24 | Q28 |
| 9708/33/M/J/24 | Q27 |
| 9708/33/O/N/23 | Q23, Q28, Q30 |
| 9708/31/M/J/23 | Q26 |
| 9708/32/M/J/23 | Q19 |
| 9708/33/M/J/23 | Q26 |
| 9708/32/F/M/23 | Q30 |
Economic development — 9708 past paper questions
21 questions across 16 of the 51 papers, carrying 1.4% of all the questions counted (International economic issues).
| Paper | Questions |
|---|---|
| 9708/31/O/N/25 | Q24 |
| 9708/32/O/N/25 | Q24 |
| 9708/33/O/N/25 | Q29 |
| 9708/31/M/J/25 | Q30 |
| 9708/32/M/J/25 | Q28 |
| 9708/33/M/J/25 | Q30 |
| 9708/32/F/M/25 | Q28 |
| 9708/31/O/N/24 | Q29 |
| 9708/32/M/J/24 | Q30 |
| 9708/31/O/N/23 | Q30 |
| 9708/32/O/N/23 | Q22, Q29, Q30 |
| 9708/33/O/N/23 | Q24 |
| 9708/31/M/J/23 | Q27 |
| 9708/32/M/J/23 | Q27, Q30 |
| 9708/33/M/J/23 | Q27 |
| 9708/32/F/M/23 | Q26, Q27, Q28 |
Policies to correct imbalances in the current account of the balance of payments — 9708 past paper questions
20 questions across 17 of the 51 papers, carrying 1.3% of all the questions counted (International economic issues).
| Paper | Questions |
|---|---|
| 9708/13/M/J/24 | Q24 |
| 9708/13/M/J/23 | Q19, Q27 |
| 9708/13/M/J/22 | Q28 |
| 9708/13/O/N/20 | Q26 |
| 9708/13/M/J/20 | Q20, Q30 |
| 9708/13/M/J/19 | Q28 |
| 9708/13/O/N/18 | Q29 |
| 9708/13/M/J/17 | Q29 |
| 9708/13/O/N/16 | Q29 |
| 9708/13/M/J/16 | Q29, Q30 |
| 9708/13/O/N/15 | Q30 |
| 9708/13/M/J/15 | Q30 |
| 9708/13/O/N/14 | Q30 |
| 9708/13/O/N/13 | Q30 |
| 9708/13/M/J/13 | Q28 |
| 9708/13/M/J/12 | Q30 |
| 9708/13/O/N/10 | Q29 |
Factors of production — 9708 past paper questions
20 questions across 16 of the 51 papers, carrying 1.3% of all the questions counted (Basic economic ideas and resource allocation).
| Paper | Questions |
|---|---|
| 9708/13/O/N/24 | Q3, Q4 |
| 9708/13/M/J/24 | Q5 |
| 9708/13/O/N/23 | Q1 |
| 9708/13/M/J/23 | Q4 |
| 9708/13/O/N/22 | Q1, Q3 |
| 9708/13/M/J/22 | Q4 |
| 9708/13/M/J/21 | Q3, Q10 |
| 9708/13/M/J/18 | Q3 |
| 9708/13/O/N/17 | Q2 |
| 9708/13/O/N/15 | Q4 |
| 9708/13/O/N/14 | Q3 |
| 9708/13/M/J/14 | Q4 |
| 9708/13/O/N/13 | Q1, Q2 |
| 9708/13/O/N/12 | Q1 |
| 9708/13/O/N/11 | Q30 |
| 9708/13/M/J/11 | Q30 |
Fiscal policy — 9708 past paper questions
20 questions across 16 of the 51 papers, carrying 1.3% of all the questions counted (Government macroeconomic intervention).
| Paper | Questions |
|---|---|
| 9708/13/O/N/24 | Q23 |
| 9708/13/O/N/23 | Q29 |
| 9708/13/M/J/23 | Q30 |
| 9708/13/M/J/22 | Q15, Q16, Q30 |
| 9708/13/O/N/21 | Q16 |
| 9708/13/M/J/21 | Q18 |
| 9708/13/O/N/20 | Q18 |
| 9708/13/M/J/20 | Q28 |
| 9708/13/O/N/19 | Q12 |
| 9708/13/M/J/19 | Q16 |
| 9708/13/O/N/18 | Q16 |
| 9708/13/M/J/18 | Q17 |
| 9708/13/O/N/17 | Q28 |
| 9708/13/M/J/17 | Q17, Q28 |
| 9708/13/O/N/16 | Q30 |
| 9708/13/M/J/16 | Q14, Q16 |
Indifference curves & budget lines — 9708 past paper questions
19 questions across 19 of the 51 papers, carrying 1.2% of all the questions counted (The price system and the microeconomy).
Utility — 9708 past paper questions
19 questions across 18 of the 51 papers, carrying 1.2% of all the questions counted (The price system and the microeconomy).
Economic growth & sustainability — 9708 past paper questions
19 questions across 15 of the 51 papers, carrying 1.2% of all the questions counted (The macroeconomy).
| Paper | Questions |
|---|---|
| 9708/31/O/N/25 | Q20 |
| 9708/32/O/N/25 | Q17 |
| 9708/33/O/N/25 | Q13, Q16, Q26 |
| 9708/31/M/J/25 | Q17 |
| 9708/32/M/J/25 | Q18 |
| 9708/32/F/M/25 | Q16 |
| 9708/33/O/N/24 | Q22, Q27 |
| 9708/32/M/J/24 | Q20 |
| 9708/32/F/M/24 | Q19 |
| 9708/31/O/N/23 | Q20 |
| 9708/32/O/N/23 | Q18 |
| 9708/33/O/N/23 | Q19 |
| 9708/31/M/J/23 | Q18 |
| 9708/33/M/J/23 | Q18 |
| 9708/32/F/M/23 | Q19, Q25 |
Globalisation — 9708 past paper questions
18 questions across 17 of the 51 papers, carrying 1.2% of all the questions counted (International economic issues).
| Paper | Questions |
|---|---|
| 9708/31/O/N/25 | Q27 |
| 9708/33/O/N/25 | Q24 |
| 9708/31/M/J/25 | Q29 |
| 9708/32/M/J/25 | Q30 |
| 9708/33/M/J/25 | Q29 |
| 9708/31/O/N/24 | Q30 |
| 9708/32/O/N/24 | Q30 |
| 9708/31/M/J/24 | Q23 |
| 9708/33/M/J/24 | Q23 |
| 9708/32/O/N/23 | Q26, Q28 |
| 9708/13/O/N/19 | Q23 |
| 9708/13/M/J/19 | Q24 |
| 9708/13/O/N/18 | Q26 |
| 9708/13/M/J/18 | Q25 |
| 9708/13/O/N/15 | Q22 |
| 9708/13/O/N/10 | Q20 |
| 9708/13/M/J/10 | Q19 |
Growth & survival of firms — 9708 past paper questions
18 questions across 14 of the 51 papers, carrying 1.2% of all the questions counted (The price system and the microeconomy).
| Paper | Questions |
|---|---|
| 9708/31/M/J/25 | Q7 |
| 9708/32/M/J/25 | Q7 |
| 9708/33/M/J/25 | Q7 |
| 9708/31/O/N/24 | Q5, Q10 |
| 9708/32/O/N/24 | Q10 |
| 9708/31/M/J/24 | Q9 |
| 9708/32/M/J/24 | Q8, Q10 |
| 9708/33/M/J/24 | Q9 |
| 9708/32/F/M/24 | Q5, Q8, Q9 |
| 9708/33/O/N/23 | Q6 |
| 9708/31/M/J/23 | Q8 |
| 9708/32/M/J/23 | Q5 |
| 9708/33/M/J/23 | Q8 |
| 9708/32/F/M/23 | Q8 |
Economic methodology — 9708 past paper questions
17 questions across 15 of the 51 papers, carrying 1.1% of all the questions counted (Basic economic ideas and resource allocation).
| Paper | Questions |
|---|---|
| 9708/13/M/J/22 | Q12 |
| 9708/13/O/N/21 | Q4 |
| 9708/13/M/J/21 | Q2 |
| 9708/13/M/J/20 | Q4 |
| 9708/13/O/N/19 | Q1 |
| 9708/13/M/J/19 | Q2, Q4 |
| 9708/13/O/N/18 | Q1 |
| 9708/13/M/J/18 | Q2 |
| 9708/13/O/N/17 | Q1 |
| 9708/13/M/J/17 | Q1, Q2 |
| 9708/13/M/J/13 | Q3 |
| 9708/13/M/J/12 | Q4 |
| 9708/13/O/N/11 | Q2 |
| 9708/13/M/J/11 | Q2 |
| 9708/13/M/J/10 | Q1 |
Scarcity, choice and opportunity cost — 9708 past paper questions
16 questions across 16 of the 51 papers, carrying 1% of all the questions counted (Basic economic ideas and resource allocation).
Supply-side policy — 9708 past paper questions
16 questions across 12 of the 51 papers, carrying 1% of all the questions counted (Government macroeconomic intervention).
| Paper | Questions |
|---|---|
| 9708/13/O/N/24 | Q21 |
| 9708/13/M/J/24 | Q22 |
| 9708/13/O/N/23 | Q27, Q28 |
| 9708/13/M/J/22 | Q29 |
| 9708/13/M/J/21 | Q28 |
| 9708/13/O/N/20 | Q28, Q29 |
| 9708/13/O/N/19 | Q28, Q29 |
| 9708/13/M/J/19 | Q30 |
| 9708/13/O/N/18 | Q19, Q28 |
| 9708/13/M/J/18 | Q28 |
| 9708/13/O/N/17 | Q30 |
| 9708/13/M/J/16 | Q28 |
Resource allocation in different economic systems — 9708 past paper questions
14 questions across 14 of the 51 papers, carrying 0.9% of all the questions counted (Basic economic ideas and resource allocation).
Monetary policy — 9708 past paper questions
12 questions across 10 of the 51 papers, carrying 0.8% of all the questions counted (Government macroeconomic intervention).
| Paper | Questions |
|---|---|
| 9708/13/O/N/24 | Q20 |
| 9708/13/O/N/23 | Q26, Q30 |
| 9708/13/O/N/21 | Q28 |
| 9708/13/M/J/21 | Q27, Q30 |
| 9708/13/O/N/20 | Q27 |
| 9708/13/M/J/19 | Q29 |
| 9708/13/O/N/18 | Q30 |
| 9708/13/O/N/16 | Q28 |
| 9708/13/M/J/13 | Q26 |
| 9708/13/O/N/12 | Q27 |
Government macroeconomic policy objectives — 9708 past paper questions
11 questions across 8 of the 51 papers, carrying 0.7% of all the questions counted (Government macroeconomic intervention).
| Paper | Questions |
|---|---|
| 9708/13/M/J/24 | Q20, Q21, Q23 |
| 9708/13/O/N/22 | Q29, Q30 |
| 9708/13/M/J/21 | Q29 |
| 9708/13/O/N/20 | Q30 |
| 9708/13/M/J/20 | Q29 |
| 9708/13/O/N/19 | Q30 |
| 9708/13/M/J/18 | Q30 |
| 9708/13/M/J/17 | Q30 |
Unemployment — 9708 past paper questions
10 questions across 10 of the 51 papers, carrying 0.7% of all the questions counted (The macroeconomy).
| Paper | Questions |
|---|---|
| 9708/13/O/N/24 | Q17 |
| 9708/13/O/N/23 | Q19 |
| 9708/13/O/N/15 | Q23 |
| 9708/13/M/J/14 | Q23 |
| 9708/13/O/N/13 | Q24 |
| 9708/13/M/J/13 | Q23 |
| 9708/13/M/J/12 | Q23 |
| 9708/13/O/N/11 | Q21 |
| 9708/13/O/N/10 | Q22 |
| 9708/13/M/J/10 | Q21 |
Addressing income and wealth inequality — 9708 past paper questions
10 questions across 8 of the 51 papers, carrying 0.7% of all the questions counted (Government microeconomic intervention).
| Paper | Questions |
|---|---|
| 9708/13/O/N/24 | Q13, Q22 |
| 9708/13/O/N/23 | Q15, Q16 |
| 9708/13/M/J/23 | Q16 |
| 9708/13/O/N/22 | Q15 |
| 9708/13/M/J/22 | Q2 |
| 9708/13/O/N/20 | Q17 |
| 9708/13/M/J/18 | Q15 |
| 9708/13/O/N/16 | Q15 |
Macro policy objectives — 9708 past paper questions
9 questions across 7 of the 51 papers, carrying 0.6% of all the questions counted (Government macroeconomic intervention).
| Paper | Questions |
|---|---|
| 9708/31/M/J/25 | Q22 |
| 9708/32/M/J/25 | Q21 |
| 9708/33/M/J/25 | Q22 |
| 9708/31/O/N/24 | Q21 |
| 9708/32/F/M/24 | Q21 |
| 9708/33/O/N/23 | Q25, Q26 |
| 9708/32/M/J/23 | Q24, Q25 |
National income statistics — 9708 past paper questions
7 questions across 5 of the 51 papers, carrying 0.5% of all the questions counted (The macroeconomy).
| Paper | Questions |
|---|---|
| 9708/13/O/N/24 | Q18 |
| 9708/13/M/J/24 | Q19 |
| 9708/13/O/N/23 | Q22 |
| 9708/13/M/J/23 | Q18, Q20, Q21 |
| 9708/13/M/J/20 | Q25 |
Economic growth — 9708 past paper questions
4 questions across 4 of the 51 papers, carrying 0.3% of all the questions counted (The macroeconomy).
| Paper | Questions |
|---|---|
| 9708/13/M/J/24 | Q18 |
| 9708/13/M/J/23 | Q24 |
| 9708/13/M/J/15 | Q23 |
| 9708/13/O/N/12 | Q23 |
Introduction to the circular flow of income — 9708 past paper questions
4 questions across 3 of the 51 papers, carrying 0.3% of all the questions counted (The macroeconomy). Revise it: Aggregate demand and supply →
| Paper | Questions |
|---|---|
| 9708/13/O/N/24 | Q16 |
| 9708/13/M/J/24 | Q17 |
| 9708/13/O/N/23 | Q17, Q18 |
Reasons for government intervention in markets — 9708 past paper questions
3 questions across 3 of the 51 papers, carrying 0.2% of all the questions counted (Government microeconomic intervention). Revise it: Market failure and externalities →
| Paper | Questions |
|---|---|
| 9708/13/O/N/24 | Q12 |
| 9708/13/O/N/17 | Q16 |
| 9708/13/M/J/16 | Q2 |
How the questions were sorted
Each question was read against its published mark scheme and filed under the one syllabus topic it mainly tests, using the topic list in Cambridge’s own syllabus. A question that also draws on a second topic is listed once, under the first. Every question is worth one mark. The 9708 syllabus, topic by topic → The same topics ranked by share of the marks →
Practise Economics against real mark schemes
Quanta has real Cambridge A Level Economics 9708 past-paper questions, with every answer explained after you commit to it and each question tied to the syllabus topic it tests — and it tracks which skills you’re missing. Free for individual students.
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Where can I find 9708 topical past papers?
This page is a free topical index: every question on 51 9708 Papers 1 and 3 papers, sorted by syllabus topic, with the paper code and question number to find it. Each paper links to a Quanta page where you can answer it online and have it marked against the published scheme.
Are these Cambridge's official topics?
The topics are Cambridge’s — the numbered topics of the 9708 syllabus. Which question tests which topic is Quanta’s reading of each question and its mark scheme; Cambridge does not publish that.
Which 9708 topic has the most questions?
Methods and effects of government intervention in markets: 90 questions on 30 of 51 papers, 5.9% of the questions. Policies to correct market failure is next.